Projects

The sub-project comprises the development and testing of a simulation-based method for the synthesis of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The aim is to realize an optimal design of the drive components, in particular the energy storage systems, taking into account their dynamic interactions in the overall system operation. The development tool created in the research project is based on the use of component-based and freely parameterizable simulation models that can be easily adapted to other vehicle types or applications. This results in a service or transfer service for the CMD, which can be used to support component developers (e.g. from the supplier industry) in the evaluation of their product at overall system level.

The project objective is the development of a real-time simulation model for FCEVs and BEVs with a focus on energy management and drive system design. The applicability of methods for the automated design of drive systems based on machine learning methods and non-linear optimization will be investigated and validated.
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The sub-project consists of testing various components of a fuel cell-electric powertrain on the test bench. The focus is on the influencing factors of the PEM fuel cell, which include humidification, degradation and stoichiometry. Based on measurement data, the real system behavior can be determined, which is necessary for the validation of the digital twin and verification of the simulation methodology. In addition, an energy analysis and possible vibroacoustic analysis of the critical components (sub-systems: hydrogen, air and water management) will be carried out in order to identify potential in the area of energy management.

The project objective includes the development of automated test sequences and the derivation of test and refinement cycles. On the other hand, a methodology for the system and component testing and design of an FCEV in the early development phase with regard to vibroacoustic, energetic and system behavior will be generated. This is based on the implementation and development of a model-based transfer path analysis of a fuel cell electric vehicle.
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As part of the TRAINS UV15 project, a concept is being developed for converting a diesel engine multiple unit drive to a hydrogen combustion engine. Various innovative technologies with a focus on mixture formation, ignition and combustion of hydrogen are being investigated. The aim of the project is to realize a complete conversion of the diesel engine to hydrogen in the multiple unit and at the same time ensure safe driving operation. In addition, the aim is to achieve the diesel full load line as far as possible. The sub-project of the Chair of Energy Conversion for Mobile Applications in the TRAINS UV15 project comprises the acoustic measurement and analysis of the engine, the simulative prediction of the engine parameters for the operating map using a simulation model close to the test bench and the simulative investigation in the 3D CFD. This work serves to support and optimize the development, conversion and approval of an engine for hydrogen operation.
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The project aims to increase the power density of a pollution-free closed-cycle engine currently operated by WTZ Roßlau gGmbH. In collaboration with the IMS at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, measures such as increasing the fuel content, adjusting the compression ratio and converting to a 2-stroke principle are being implemented. The limiting variable of the current system, the maximum hydrogen mass flow of the injector, is to be optimized by simulative analysis of the injector geometry. The planned changes could lead to increased mechanical and thermal stress as well as an increased risk of combustion anomalies, which will be investigated through simulations and tests on the engine test bench. The findings should be transferable not only for the planned 4-stroke engine, but also for large engines with a 2-stroke principle, whereby the focus is on the description of physical phenomena in order to ensure scalability to engines with larger bores.
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Project objective: Investigation of the integration of liquid LPG in a 1-cylinder gasoline engine and comparison with conventional fuel.
The engine test bench must be modified to prepare for LPG operation. After this adaptation of the system, extensive measurements and analyses are carried out with LPG.
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As part of the project, new passive and active noise reduction measures are being developed and verified. Novel material pairings are used for the passive measures and collocal control structures are being tested in the high-voltage range for the active methods. Attempts are being made to implement direct velocity feedback in such a way that the vibration amplitudes can be reduced over a wide frequency range. Adaptive controllers and filters must be developed for this purpose.
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Building on the results of UV 1.1 Studies on diesel replacement solutions for existing trains, this project will involve the specific conversion and design of a diesel engine multiple unit drive to a hydrogen-natural gas combustion engine. The first step is to select the charging system for H₂-CNG engine operation, adapt it to the application in the multiple unit and design its load control. Subsequently, model adjustments are made to the 1D and CFD model on the basis of measurement data from the real engine unit. These models were developed in the previous project. Furthermore, the resulting exhaust emissions are predictively determined in the model calculation and the exhaust aftertreatment system is designed on this basis. Finally, the timing and ignition settings as well as the injectors, turbocharging and exhaust gas recirculation are adapted to real engine operation. The aim of this project is to complete the conversion of the diesel engine to hydrogen-natural gas operation so that it can be used in the multiple unit in the follow-up project.
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For a more efficient assessment of thermal operational safety (TBS), a physical vehicle model was created that enables statements to be made about the critical components and assemblies for different drive concepts. The focus here is on analyzing the distribution and spread of heat from the critical to adjacent assemblies with the help of defined temperature zones. All three forms of heat transport, heat conduction, heat radiation and heat flow were taken into account in the model to be created. The vehicle model created was empirically improved on the basis of measurement and simulation data provided by the client so that it is suitable for concept evaluation with regard to TBS for different drive systems.
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Competence in electromobility 2
As part of the publicly funded project "Competence in Electromobility 2" (KeM II), the focus is on the one hand on setting up a test center in the form of the "Center for Method Development" (CMD) in Barleben. On the other hand, energy-efficient processes are to be methodically developed and applied in the construction of a research vehicle.
In this context, the Chair of "Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications" (EMA) at the Institute of Mobile Systems (IMS) is active in the field of fuel cell vehicles. For the CMD test center, the work packages for the design, conception, planning and support of the fuel cell test benches were taken over by the IMS-EMA. Other tasks include training and preparing the commissioning of the test benches. For this purpose, it is necessary to select and procure a test vehicle.
The "KeM II" research project also includes the application of digital development methods for the automatic synthesis of FCEVs and BEVs. The aim is to apply these methods as part of a component and system design and vehicle integration of a PEM fuel cell system in the conversion of a research vehicle. Outlines are currently being drawn up and the project is being prepared. At the same time, the overall vehicle simulation model of a fuel cell vehicle is being adapted to ensure future applicability. In addition, student work in this subject area is being supervised.
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Different car drive concepts are acoustically compared with each other. Standardized airborne and structure-borne sound measurements are carried out for this purpose. In addition, microphone arrays and artificial heads are used as special measurement techniques.
The measurements take place in a converted motor acoustics test bench. A battery simulator, an intermediate gearbox for adjusting torque and speed and the corresponding electrical cabling for the high-voltage range were installed. The control and regulation of the test bench were also adapted. Although electric motors are quieter than conventional combustion engines, they do not necessarily sound any more pleasant, especially not in the passenger compartment.
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The project focuses on alternative gasoline fuels, in particular synthetic fuels, through a thorough literature review and the analysis of efficiency chains in their production. The aim is to derive a well-founded recommendation for a synthetic fuel that is optimally suited for a sports car engine.
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This project serves the extended analysis and measurement of filter sheets loaded with particles. A gravimetric method is used and scientifically evaluated, including pre- and post-conditioning of the filters in accordance with ISO 8178.
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Increasing electrification in vehicles, software-guided control and regulation as well as the increasing complexity of drive systems place high demands on diagnostics and monitoring during driving. Due to the tightening of exhaust emission standards, modern vehicles with gasoline engines are equipped with a gasoline particulate filter. Legislation and manufacturers require reliable on-board diagnostics to monitor this exhaust-relevant component. However, there is currently no diagnostic and monitoring procedure that meets all requirements. A methodology must therefore be developed that reliably records and evaluates all relevant operating states (soot and ash loading, damage and presence monitoring). This enables integrated service life management (predictive maintenance) and thus an increase in perceived product and service quality. The methodology is first developed on the engine test bench and then validated and optimized for robust application in real driving conditions. The cost- and time-intensive experimental development part is reduced by creating a digital twin.
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In addition to vibroacoustic measurements, the measurements involved telemetric torque measurements, which are not standard in the industry. A measuring apparatus developed at the OVGU, consisting of a transmitter and receiver, was used here. The evaluations and analyses involved new methods of signal analysis, which had to be developed for the special application of large diesel engines for railroad operation.
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The aim of the project is to test the applicability of combustion models, which are available in the CFD solver AVL-Fire, using hydrogen as a fuel.
In the first part, a preselection of potentially applicable models is made on the basis of knowledge already acquired in the modeling of hydrogen combustion.
The selected models are examined with regard to stability, sensitivity and accuracy in order to develop a "best practice" recommendation for the simulation of hydrogen combustion engines.
The heat release and wall heat losses are also analyzed.
The assessment is based on a comparison with measurement data provided by the client.
The second part analyzes and evaluates the mechanism of nitrogen oxide formation and post-reaction.
For this purpose, the reaction kinetics are evaluated with regard to their influence and the simulatively determined nitrogen oxides emitted are validated.
The validation is also based on measured values provided by the client.
In addition to the direct calculation of nitrogen oxides within the CFD solver, an asynchronous calculation is carried out in post-processing on the basis of the time-dependent temperature distribution.
Both calculation approaches are compared with the measurement data in order to also work out a "best practice" approach.
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The aim of this project is to develop and validate a 1D catalyst model that is capable of representing the processes in real catalysts for CNG applications. To enable validation, we are conducting cold start tests with a three-way catalytic converter and a methane oxidation catalytic converter. The monovalent CNG engine runs through the first 300s of the WLTP under different initial conditions (-7; 0; 8 and 20 degrees Celsius). After validation of the 1D model, an optimum strategy for heating the catalytic converter is to be determined simulatively for the driving cycle and then checked on the test bench on the real engine.
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In this project, hydrogen-oxygen combustion in an inert gas atmosphere is being analyzed. Combustion takes place in a cycle combustion engine. An oxygen-inert gas mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber, where it is self-ignited with directly injected hydrogen. The water resulting from this combustion is then separated from the inert gas, which acts as a carrier gas. The inert gas is then enriched again with oxygen and fed back into the combustion chamber. The aim of this project is to analyze the potential of this hydrogen cycle engine in terms of efficiency and performance. This potential analysis is carried out simulatively with 1D and 3D CFD calculation models. Various inert gases and oxygen concentrations are to be analyzed. The integration of other technologies such as turbocharging or a 2-stroke process is also being considered in this project.
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As part of the project, a highly efficient gasoline engine combustion process is being developed, which is a combination of the Miller combustion process and a customized, insulating combustion chamber coating. In addition to maximizing the efficiency potential of the coating in combination with the Miller combustion process, the focus is also on the thermodynamic cross-influences. The aim is to develop a methodology in the form of linked simulation tools that can take into account the relevant influencing variables for different engine operating points from the outset. Finally, the knowledge gained is to be validated on a single-cylinder research engine and the potential of the new combustion process quantified. As part of this research project, the optimal characteristics of an insulating combustion chamber coating for the gasoline engine combustion process are to be identified for the first time as a compromise between reduced wall heat losses and negative effects such as an increased tendency to knock or pre-ignition, and their feasibility in terms of materials and production technology is to be investigated.
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As part of the doctoral project, a contribution is to be made to the future energy management of a fuel cell vehicle by tapping potential in the design of the overall polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system. The focus of this study is the simulative mapping of a fuel cell vehicle in the simulation environment Matlab / Simulink.

The simulation model generated contains the various sub-levels of an overall system for use in cars. The sub-levels initially include a model of the cell, which describes the physical and electrochemical interactions. Based on this, the components of the operating media management (H₂, O₂, H₂O) are integrated into the model. Air management is of particular interest, as the air supply unit contains an electrical consumer in the form of an electrically driven compressor. This has an enormous influence on the efficiency and performance of the fuel cell system. Based on this, the entire vehicle is mapped, which includes the components of the drive train. The focus here is on the optimum design of the battery system with regard to the parameters of battery capacity, recuperation capability and the possible use of a supercapacitor.
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As part of this project, a concept for converting a diesel engine multiple unit drive to a hydrogen-natural gas combustion engine is being developed. For this purpose, possible applications of various innovative technologies with a focus on mixture formation, ignition and combustion of hydrogen-methane mixtures are being investigated. The aim is to develop an innovative combustion process depending on the H₂NG mixing ratio in order to reduce specific fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The combustion process is designed using simulations with 1D and 3D CFD calculation models. Based on this, a test vehicle will be converted to H₂NG operation in the follow-up project, which is to be used in future as part of a real laboratory to power a railcar.
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This project serves to analyze and measure filter sheets that are loaded with particles. A gravimetric method is used for this purpose, including pre- and post-conditioning of the filters in accordance with ISO 8178.
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Three gearbox housings are to be measured using laser scanning vibrometers for a simulation comparison or for the optimization of future simulation models. The housings weigh over 1000 kg each and must be set up and excited appropriately in order to correctly map the vibration velocities to be measured. The surface should be prepared in such a way that up to 1000 measuring points are possible on each side of the housing.
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In the future, the limit values for NO_X emissions from large gas engines are expected to become significantly stricter. Nitrogen oxide emissions can be effectively reduced by leaning the fuel-air mixture and thus lowering the combustion temperatures. However, this procedure requires significantly improved ignition, as this further reduces the flammability of the mixture. Currently available ignition methods will not be able to ensure the flammability of such mixtures without in-depth modifications to the engine design. To make matters worse, over-stoichiometric combustion favors the formation of hydrocarbon emissions (THC emissions). As hydrocarbons are precursors of ground-level ozone and in some cases carcinogenic, they are classified by the WHO as harmful to the environment and human health. It is to be expected that the legislator will also strongly regulate THC emissions in the future. This will once again significantly increase the requirements for safe and complete ignition of the mixture.
The overall aim of the project is to improve mixture formation and combustion by redesigning the ignition system of a gas engine and influencing the combustion processes in the main combustion chamber of the gas engine while at the same time reducing the fuel content in relation to the fuel-air mixing ratio. To this end, a new ignition process is to be developed on the basis of a partially fuel-gas-purged prechamber spark plug.
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As part of the project, an empirical ticker formula for evaluating the injection system is to be transferred from the engine test bench to the component test bench of CHP Messtechnik. This makes it possible to examine the injection system on a component or injector test bench to the extent that the resulting noises, which for the most part only result from the ticking of the injectors, can be analyzed without the influences of the combustion noises on the test engine.
All practical tests on the test vehicle (map measurement, speed and load run-ups, sound source localization) are carried out on the acoustics test bench of the University of Magdeburg at the Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications using the latest and most accurate measurement technology (high-precision microphones, 3D accelerometers, microphone array, incremental encoders, etc.).
Furthermore, the individual differences between the injection system components under investigation can be measured and analyzed using the Injection Analyzer so that they provide information about the respective noise differences. The acoustic/psychoacoustic measured variables recorded during the tests serve as input variables for the resulting evaluation models, for which listening tests are carried out in a double-walled listening booth. These models are the basis for the engine noise syntheses, in which the injection noise components of the overall engine noise are replaced by those from the component test bench.
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The research was limited to diesel injection systems and served in particular to systematize findings on the effect of solid particles in the fuel injection system. The following partial and related topics were investigated in the research: Significance and possibilities of hardening the component surface, abrasive wear compared to erosive wear: Damage patterns, morphology, particle sizes, abrasive sliding wear due to loose grain, erosive wear due to flow, cavitation and its condition, significance of particles for cavitation, influencing variables particles (hardness, size, quantity), influencing variables fuel (viscosity), influence material surface, Filtrate analyses (real particle compositions by material, size), filtration analyses (influence of filter properties on wear), analogy studies for hydroerosive rounding of injection holes, hydroerosive separation during lapping, test systems and test procedures for injection systems. The results were presented in a structured manner in two interim presentations and a final report.
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Process monitoring of the production of aluminum cylinder heads optimally designed for internal combustion engines using in-line computer tomography with the aim of reducing consumption and pollutants.

The development of future vehicles will be significantly influenced by environmental aspects, mainly CO_2-reduction, without neglecting the increasing mobility requirements. The aim of the project is to develop an optimum solution for the design of the individual functional areas of a cylinder head in order to exploit the full potential in terms of strength, friction and weight. From the foundry's point of view, this means a sensible limitation of tolerances in production in order to avoid rejects and thus protect the environment and conserve resources.
The Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications is carrying out motor tests as part of this project. The aim of these investigations is to identify measurable limit ranges that provide the manufacturer with clear target ranges for the characteristics of a casting.
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1D and 3D CFD comprehensive development method to optimise the engine water jacket from concept to production ready level.

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In view of the high availability of gas fuels worldwide, they are a sensible addition to the fuel portfolio in the short and medium term. In particular, the use of CNG (compressed natural gas) in modern turbo DI petrol engines is a promising concept and enables significant greenhouse gas emission savings due to the fuel's low C/H ratio. Due to the low knock sensitivity of CNG fuel, a modern turbo DI petrol engine with an increased compression ratio should serve as the basis for exploiting the potential of the fuel.

As a result of the proposed project, a fundamental evaluation of the potential of a homogeneous CNG-DI combustion process in combination with the Miller process, high-load EGR and alternative ignition systems is to be developed. The possibility of reducing the tendency to knock and increasing the compression ratio is to be analyzed using high-load EGR and the Miller combustion process. The use of an alternative ignition system should allow an assessment of the possibilities for increasing EGR rates and extending the ignition limits.
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In the project, the CarMaker simulation software was used to calculate the speed and torque curve of a 4-cylinder gasoline DI engine from the speed profile of the WLTP cycle and a fast RDE cycle for various gearshift strategies of the transmission. The speed and torque curve of a realistic shift strategy was transferred to the test bench control system. The petrol engine was set up on the test bench together with exhaust gas measurement technology, a test bench control unit, residual bus simulation, exhaust gas aftertreatment system and an electrical heating power supply and measured in two series of measurements with a catalytic converter fitted with cladding and heating system as well as thermocouples in the programmed WLTP test cycles. Variants of catalytic converter operation were: Catalytic converter without cladding, clad with and without electric heating, with and without electric preheating before the start of the cycle, different temperature levels, all in each case with and without engine catalytic converter preheating due to late combustion center of gravity position. All EU6d-relevant exhaust gas components and CO₂, fuel consumption, heating energy requirement and the resulting additional consumption, as well as seven temperatures in and on the catalytic converter and three more on the heating wires were evaluated. The reproducibility of the measurements and the operating modes of the catalytic converter with the lowest consumption and emissions were demonstrated and presented and discussed in detail in a presentation.
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This research project focuses on the investigation of various injection valves that are to be used in hydrogen combustion engines.

Injectors from three different manufacturers were examined with regard to their suitability for hydrogen combustion engines. These injectors are already used in vehicles that run on natural gas.
The injectors to be tested differed in the following relevant points:

• Exit cross-section,
• the maximum permissible temperature recommended by the respective manufacturer
• required boost current needed to open the valve

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In addition to the basic gasoline application of the ROTAX engine, the following basic topics are dealt with in order to build up and maintain methodological competence in the field of range extenders and combustion engines:

• Development of a range extender-specific engine control
• Adaptation of the electric motor to the inherent rotational irregularity of the combustion engine
• Investigation of an alternative combustion engine (Wankel engine) on the test bench
• Gas/air mixture formation tests for a range extender engine

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Different cylinder head and oil pan covers for engine noise reduction were tested on a four-cylinder diesel engine for the industrial partner, a supplier to the automotive industry. The investigation took place on a semi-free-field acoustic engine test bench. To characterize the noise reduction, single microphones were placed on all sides of the engine in the far field, and simple microphone arrays with 4 or 6 microphones in the near field of the oil pan cover and the cylinder head cover in a fixed position. The engine was measured in an uncovered state, with a standard cover from the engine manufacturer and a heavy cover with maximum acoustic effect as references. The sound radiation behaviour in the entire partial load range of the engine map was characterized by recording the radiated noise of the covers at idle speed and in two speed run-ups at medium and high partial load. Each measurement was repeated three times in order to obtain a measure of the measurement deviation. According to this scheme, the engine was then examined with 12 different variants of the oil pan cover and 15 different variants of the cylinder head cover, whereby the oil pan and cylinder head covers were fitted together. The covers differed in the arrangement of individual material layers, their thickness, material, porosity and mass. The evaluation included a comprehensive analysis of the repeatability, the influence of disturbance variables and a comparison of the sound pressure level reduction of the different design variants in different operating conditions.
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Thanks to its optical combustion chamber accessibility, a transparent engine offers the possibility of a
high-speed camera-based analysis of injection and mixture formation processes. Among other things, the camera analysis can be used to investigate the effects of modified intake and exhaust channel geometries, which significantly change the charge movement and turbulence in the combustion chamber. Another aspect of the investigation was new injection concepts, with the focus on expanding direct high-pressure fuel injection into the combustion chamber to include low-pressure fuel injection and water injection into the intake port.
Prior to the measurement phase, a cylinder head disk was designed and manufactured with the aforementioned modifications. The results of the optical investigations are used for application and component optimization, with the focus on achieving minimum fuel consumption and raw emission values. In addition, 3D CFD simulations were compared and verified with the results of the optical investigations.
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A 1/0D simulation model of an H2 engine is created on the basis of a commercial vehicle diesel engine. The aim of this project is to provide a basic model of the hydrogen engine for test bench testing and to predict the performance of the engine. The results are used to develop an extended turbocharger design for the current and future engine concept.
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The focus here is on an H₂-electric drive in combination with an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell H₂-electric drive. These drive concepts are intended to replace the conventional diesel engine in railcars and thus improve environmental compatibility. The drive concepts were compared and evaluated in terms of their overall efficiency in a well-to-wheel analysis and in terms of feasibility in a cost and feasibility analysis.
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Future emissions standards pose major challenges for engine development.
CO₂ fleet emissions, which are directly linked to fuel consumption, must be drastically reduced by 2020. Water injection is an effective technology to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions or to increase performance. Water has a high heat capacity and enthalpy of vaporization compared to gasoline. By vaporizing the water, it is possible to reduce the charge air temperature and the mixture temperature in the combustion chamber. Water can be introduced in various ways via the intake system or directly into the combustion chamber - the resulting effect differs depending on the variant. Direct injection of the petrol-water emulsion is more efficient in terms of fuel and water consumption, but is the more complex variant. This method of water injection is investigated in the study.
A test rig was set up for the tests, which provides for the implementation of water injection in the low-pressure and high-pressure circuits of the fuel system. On this test rig, the emulsion can be observed after it emerges from the high-pressure pump. Furthermore, emulsion production tests are carried out and evaluated with regard to production and stability for use in the combustion engine. The emulsifications were carried out using the test bench and ultrasonic homogenizer with different types of petrol and additives for different water contents.
Furthermore, the influence of the water content on the spray pattern when injecting a gasoline-water emulsion with a water content of 0-100% was investigated. For this purpose, the spray pattern of a gasoline DI injector in a high-pressure injection chamber is recorded and measured using a high-speed camera using the shadow method and statistically analyzed.
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Future emissions standards pose major challenges for engine development.
CO₂ fleet emissions, which are directly linked to fuel consumption, must be drastically reduced by 2020. Water injection is an effective technology to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions or to increase performance. Water has a high heat capacity and enthalpy of vaporization compared to gasoline. By vaporizing the water, it is possible to reduce the charge air temperature and the mixture temperature in the combustion chamber. Water can be introduced in various ways via the intake system or directly into the combustion chamber - the resulting effect differs depending on the variant. Direct injection of the petrol-water emulsion is more efficient in terms of fuel and water consumption, but is the more complex variant. This method of water injection is investigated in the study.
A test bench was set up for the tests, which provides for the implementation of water injection in the low-pressure and high-pressure circuits of the fuel system. The emulsion can be observed on this test rig after it emerges from the high-pressure pump . Furthermore, emulsion production tests are carried out and evaluated with regard to production and stability for use in the combustion engine. The emulsifications were carried out using the test bench and ultrasonic homogenizer with different types of petrol and additives for different water contents.
Furthermore, the influence of the water content on the spray pattern when injecting a gasoline-water emulsion with a water content of 0-100% was investigated. For this purpose, the spray pattern of a gasoline DI injector in a high-pressure injection chamber is recorded and measured using a high-speed camera using the shadow method and statistically analyzed.
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The research focuses on the preparation, supply and spray formation of a water-petrol emulsion for the combustion process in a gasoline engine. On the one hand, the influence of emulsifiers on different water concentrations and the feasibility of on-demand mixing via an additional pre-feed pump without the use of emulsifiers are being investigated. Once the emulsion has been successfully produced, it is injected into an optically accessible chamber via a series injector. The injection is recorded by a high-speed camera and the quality of the spray pattern formation is evaluated.

The results of the spray image analysis in conjunction with a 1D simulation form the basis for a 3D CFD simulation for further analytical investigation.
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As part of previous projects (Rumpfmotor Akustik I, II, III, IV and V), initial findings for the further development of a diesel engine were obtained by numerical and experimental means.

In order to significantly reduce the sound pressure level of a diesel engine, the relevant structure-borne sound conduction paths are to be examined and weighted at the beginning. The components located in the guide paths are then determined and optimization potentials are identified. The modifications to be carried out can be divided into primary and secondary measures for noise reduction on the engine. In this follow-up project, a particular focus will be on reducing the structure-borne noise excitation of the cylinder head.
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The use of absorber materials for the purpose of noise reduction in the automotive sector is subject to the demand for low mass and volume with simultaneous high noise reduction of structural vibrations, which can already be below 500 Hz on the engine. Dissipation mechanisms must be utilized for this purpose. In this study, various granules and microfibers were embedded in a chamber enclosed by plastic foam in order to increase the dissipation compared to commonly used plastic foams. This granulate structure was applied to the surface of a rigid aluminum plate and a less rigid steel sheet, and the reduction in the sound pressure of the bodies excited to vibrations in a free-field room was measured. The design of the granulate structure was varied in different ways. The influences investigated included the granulate and fiber material, packing density, grain size and packing thickness. Lightweight and temperature-resistant granules were preferred in the selection process. In order to determine advantageous configurations, all results were compared with those of similarly heavy, commercially available acoustic materials. This was done with regard to the absolute and mass-specific transmission loss of the damping materials, each of which was attached and tested. In addition, the effect of acoustically effective grilles in various arrangements and gap sizes was investigated.
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Two single-cylinder combustion engines from different suppliers were examined, which are operated with natural gas, liquid gas or a mixture of these fuels, as well as being operated as part of a combined heat and power plant. The focus was on the different areas of application of alternative fuels in combustion engines.
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In this project, several variants of shielding parts of an exhaust system are analyzed comparatively. Thermal and acoustic measurements will be carried out for this purpose.

The multilayer materials used were optimized in advance for certain frequencies using complex simulations. The measurements are therefore also used to calibrate the simulation.
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In the discussion about increased exhaust emissions and CO₂ emissions in the transport sector, hydrogen, as a carbon-free fuel, represents a sensible alternative to conventional fuels. In particular, the use of hydrogen in modern combustion engines offers a quick and cost-effective way of decarbonizing the transport sector.
As a result, this project aims to convert a combustion engine, which is initially operated using the conventional diesel process, to hydrogen operation. The hydrogen is initially injected outside the cylinder in the intake system. The hydrogen is then converted to direct injection in the cylinder. These three operating strategies are to be analyzed and evaluated using a loss analysis on a one-dimensional single-cylinder model. This single-cylinder model was derived from a modern commercial vehicle diesel engine. In order to convert to hydrogen operation, some adjustments must be made in the model with regard to hydrogen combustion, which are not stored as standard in the simulation software used.
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Due to the current exhaust gas legislation, the demands placed on modern exhaust systems by all car manufacturers and suppliers are increasing. As a result, the calculation and calibration effort involved in the development of these systems is increasing considerably. In order to reduce development costs, one-dimensional simulation models are usually used to test initial system estimates of new or further developments. These models can depict the basic functions of the exhaust systems.

The result of the project is a one-dimensional thermal model of the exhaust system of a mid-range passenger car. This model will be validated using measured data from two operating points. The focus of the modeling is on the simulative calculation of the wall heat losses in the exhaust system. The focus here is on the rear silencer.
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Development, construction and commissioning of a cylinder block and cylinder block with optical access for a PIV measurement of the cooling water flow around the cylinder liners. Openings for optical access are created for this purpose. These are closed with the aid of Plexiglas letters. This is followed by a setup with a drive for the water pump, fluid for the measurement and the optical measuring devices. Thanks to the PIV measurement, a flow field can then be calculated, which is used for the validation of 3D CFD simulations.
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Development, construction and commissioning of a test stand for the optical examination of a gasoline-water mixture. The fuel mixture is produced using a high-pressure pump and then examined in an optically accessible pipe. A high-speed camera is used for this purpose, which records the measurement. The result is then evaluated.
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The state of the art has very different designs of cylinder crankcases with different fulfillment of acoustic requirements. Within the scope of this project, two cylinder crankcases are to be compared with regard to their main bearing transmission behavior.

As a result, the different structural characteristics have to be analyzed, the structure-borne noise transmission behavior of the different cylinder blocks evaluated, the correlation between structure-borne and airborne noise in the near and far field examined and a final comparison of the two crankcases carried out.
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The state of the art has very different designs of cylinder crankcases with different fulfillment of acoustic requirements. As part of the previous projects (structural-acoustic analysis of cylinder blocks I, II and III), vibroacoustic analyses of various cylinder blocks were carried out and excitation pulses were calculated on a plate as preliminary work for a later transfer of results to the cylinder block. Building on this, further cylinder crankcases are to be measured in this project and added to the benchmarking of the previous projects. On the other hand, the experimental setup will be used to further develop an approach that makes it possible to calculate the coordinates of the excitation pulses on the cylinder crankcase.
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As part of previous projects (Rumpfmotor Akustik I, II, III and IV), initial findings for the further development of a diesel engine were obtained by numerical and experimental means.

In order to significantly reduce the sound pressure level of a diesel engine, the relevant structure-borne sound conduction paths are to be examined and weighted at the beginning. The components located in the guide paths are then determined and optimization potentials are identified. The modifications to be carried out can be divided into primary and secondary measures for noise reduction on the engine.
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Various microphones in the near and far field are used to record the muzzle noise of different silencers. For the binaural measurements, two additional microphones are placed in the room at a distance of 15 cm from each other, with this stereo microphone setup positioned at the height of the rear silencer. The sound pressure is used as an evaluation parameter for the acoustic behavior. For the evaluation of the microphone measurements, Campbell diagrams, overall level curves, autopower spectra and engine order curves are analyzed comparatively.
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A 1/0D simulation model of an H2 engine is created on the basis of a commercial vehicle diesel engine. The aim of this project is to provide basic data on the hydrogen engine for test bench testing and to predict the performance of the engine.
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With the increasing limitation of CO2 emissions, the use of natural gas engines is gaining in importance. In order to make the injection of natural gas into the engine more effective and to specify the equal distribution to the individual cylinders, it is necessary to test the injectors on a test bench and analyze their behavior. This results in the development, construction and commissioning of a test bench for measuring the injection rate of natural gas injectors.
The aim of building a measurement test bench is to further develop the natural gas drive with regard to direct injection, which is already state of the art for gasoline. For this purpose, it is necessary to measure the hydraulic behavior of the developed gas injectors. In the present work, a test rig has been developed with which it is possible to determine the injection rate of direct-injection natural gas injectors and thus to assess the hydraulic behavior of the injector. The test medium is the gas nitrogen, which is frequently used for measurement test benches with regard to transferability to natural gas and has properties that are advantageous for test bench operation. The measuring principle for the test bench is based on the hydraulic pressure rise method. The actual chamber is physically modeled on the combustion chamber of the vehicle. The maximum injection quantity (35 mg) has been calculated for a standard two-liter gasoline engine with 4 cylinders at full load and a speed of 6000 rpm. The pressure change resulting from the injection is recorded by two pressure sensors, a piezoelectric and a piezoresistive pressure sensor.
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The new development is based on the flow measurement principle of the "Anemometric Tester". The software and hardware of the existing test stand is to be revised.

The hardware is built using standard parts, the software has been rewritten and further developed.
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The aim of this work is to investigate the possible feasibility of an Organic Rankine Cycle for stationary operation in mobile applications. To this end, a simulation program is to be developed using the MATLAB software tool and the REFPROP material database. With MATLAB it is possible to model and display the individual cycle components separately. The aim is to evaluate the possibilities of ORC implementation.

In addition, these results will be used to estimate the minimum requirements for the operation of an ORC and to discuss the transferability of the results to dynamic operation.
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The effectiveness of the cleaning performance was investigated as part of a previous project "Cleaning a diesel particulate filter" (2012). In the new project, the focus is not on the cleaning performance, but on the compatibility of the chemical cleaner with the NOx sensors below.
For this purpose, an experimental investigation was carried out and the functionality of the NOx sensors was tested and compared before and after cleaning the diesel particulate filter.
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As part of the FVV project "Engine heat exchange I-III", a simulation model was developed that can be used to analyze the warm-up of a combustion engine. This tool can be used to incorporate various thermal management measures into the model and directly evaluate its effects on fuel consumption.

The simulation range was extended from starting at 20°C to a starting temperature of 0°C.
During this project, a total of 8 different thermal management measures were implemented in the existing "engine heat exchange model", examined for their effects on warm-up and optimized.
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The acoustic measurement of a petrol engine is intended to analyze and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a plastic cylinder crankcase compared to an aluminium version. Two identical cylinder crankcases are available for the measurements.

Two different array shapes (uniform array and combo array) are used to record the spatial sound pressure and sound intensity distributions.
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Today's passenger cars with diesel engines are characterized by low CO2 emissions (fuel consumption) and dynamic handling. However, in the lower load and speed range, the diesel engine has a dominating combustion noise compared to the other noise sources.
The first objective of this research project is to demonstrate the transferability of the results of the FVV research project Noise-controlled diesel engine to other diesel engines for a large speed-load range. The engine management system is then to be expanded in such a way that cylinder-selective control of the combustion center of gravity can be implemented. The realization of cylinder-selective control of the combustion focus position and cylinder-selective pre-injection based on a virtual cylinder pressure and noise sensor is another key research objective. The degrees of freedom of the common rail injection system with one main injection and several pre-injections have not yet been fully utilized. The aim is to clarify the potential for improving diesel performance by modifying the pre-injection systems, taking exhaust emissions and fuel consumption into account. Cylinder-selective control of the combustion position and pre-injection also requires status detection of the injection system.
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The aim of this work was to simulate a direct water injection system and to investigate its effects on combustion, emissions and engine efficiency. To this end, the basics of the gasoline engine were first explained. The basics of increasing efficiency and performance as well as water injection were also discussed in more detail. To create the 3D CFD model, the 3D base model was first generated using a CAD tool so that the moving mesh could then be created for the solver. In order to be able to define the necessary boundary and initial conditions for the solver, the necessary selections for the mesh also had to be created. Usually, results from 1D models or experimental investigations are used for this purpose. In this case, no data of this type was available, so we started with values from the literature and then used an iteration process to approximate the correct values and settings. At the beginning, settings from sample cases were also studied and included in the present calculation in order to obtain a stable model. The modules and settings relevant to the evaluation were then added and checked for plausibility in individual steps. The respective operating points to be examined had to be fine-tuned in order to create the necessary comparability for the cases. Finally, the results were evaluated using 2D and 3D post-processing.
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The proportion of electric vehicles in road traffic will increase in the future. Studies have shown that the acoustic perception of quiet electric vehicles by pedestrians and other road users is sometimes problematic. Drivers also associate the familiar sound of a combustion engine with driving a car. To improve perception, a sound generator was developed, built and put into operation with the speed-dependent reproduction of driving/engine noises.
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Reducing pollutant emissions and fuel consumption is always the focus of engine development. With the help of direct petrol injection in conjunction with downsizing concepts, fuel consumption has been further reduced and the thermal efficiency of the petrol engine increased in recent years. Building on this, water injection offers further potential for improvement. In this article, the basics of water injection are presented and the influence of the water content on the spray pattern when injecting a gasoline-water emulsion with a water content of 0 - 100 % is investigated. For this purpose, the spray pattern of a gasoline DI injector in a high-pressure injection chamber is recorded, measured and analyzed using a high-speed camera using the shadow method. Furthermore, experiments on emulsion production are presented and evaluated with regard to production and stability in an internal combustion engine application.
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The injection hydraulics project dealt with the analysis of rail pressure control. The aim was to expand on the findings from the benchmark injection simulation project and to approximate the results obtained to the measured real state. The simulation models were expanded to include a control structure that uses a physical approach as a control multiplier. The control structure was modeled in a Matlab/Simulink environment and active control was implemented using a co-simulation. In addition, the models were extended to obtain a real measured variable curve. Real system behavior was modeled and relevant influencing variables were determined and investigated.
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Acoustically effective partial encapsulation of the cylinder head, belt drive, oil pan and other acoustic radiators is a widely used measure to reduce engine noise. The aim of this project is to investigate the acoustic effectiveness of such encapsulations using a two-layer insulating material. The aim is to determine a shape of the material and a fastening that optimizes the effective sound absorption of the cover. To this end, air gaps of different sizes are created between the insulating material and the acoustic radiator based on the results of previous investigations. In addition, damping fastening elements are developed to reduce the structure-borne sound transmitted to the foam. In addition, vibrometric surface measurements and structural-acoustic simulations are used to identify fastening points for the covers that are characterized by relatively low vibrations.

The investigations are carried out on an acoustic engine test bench with semi-free-field conditions using microphone arrays, individual microphones and accelerometers. Three operating points of the four-cylinder diesel engine are approached in order to be able to estimate the acoustic behavior in the entire engine map.

The results of the project are experimental and simulative findings on the optimum acoustic design of the air space between the cover and the radiator, the method of fixing the cover and the optimum fixing points.
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As part of previous projects (Rumpfmotor Akustik I, II and III; completed in 2013), initial findings were obtained numerically and experimentally for the further development of a diesel engine. For this purpose, a 3D FE model of the gear drive was set up with regard to the simulation and parameter combinations were investigated. The model was validated by experimental investigations on a dynamic acoustic engine test bench. In addition, optimizations were made to the torsional vibration damper, the oil pump module and the timing belt cover.

Building on this, certain components of a diesel engine are to be vibroacoustically examined, optimized and further developed in this project. The overarching goal is to reduce the overall sound pressure level of the diesel engine.

In order to be able to reduce the sound pressure level of the diesel engine, the relevant structure-borne sound conduction paths should first be examined and weighted. The components located in the guide paths are then considered individually and in combination.

Finally, the annoyance of the diesel nail noise is to be analyzed and calculated.
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The subject of this project is two-layer foams and nonwovens. Their structure is characterized by a soft and light damping layer and a stiffer and heavier mass layer. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of various factors on the sound absorption behavior of the insulation materials. These influences include the type of attachment of the insulating material to the sound-emitting surface, the thickness of the mass layer and the material as a whole, the damping or insulating effect of surface foils and heavy foils and the choice of insulating material. The tests are carried out in a free-field room and accompanied by structural-acoustic simulations. The sound radiation of the panel with the insulating materials is measured in the near field with a microphone array and in the far field with a single microphone. Using the microphone array measurements, the influence of the foams on the sound pressure distribution at characteristic natural frequencies of the overall system is determined.

The result of the project will be general and comparative statements on the influence of the factors mentioned on the sound absorption behavior of the foams mentioned and a numerical model to represent these influences.
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In this project, materials for the acoustic and thermal shielding of motors are being investigated. The main aim is to determine the influence of cavities that can exist between the formwork and a surface that radiates sound and heat. The influence of the cavities on sound pressure and intensity in a free-field room in the near and far field is investigated. A test platform designed for this purpose is being developed and the results predicted using a structural-acoustic simulation. The influence of the cavities on thermal radiation is determined using a separate test setup. Here, the shielding material is attached to a heated surface with defined cavities and the heating behavior at surface temperatures characteristic of motors is recorded with a thermal camera. These test results are also approximated beforehand with a simulation.

The result of the project will be general statements about the influence of cavities and gaps between the motor and shielding materials as well as a simulation model for predicting the influence.
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As part of this project, acoustic and thermal measurements are to be carried out on an encapsulated and unencapsulated gasoline engine. This allows the effectiveness of externally applied insulation of the basic engine to be analyzed and evaluated. The insulation itself consists of a foam material applied directly to the corresponding engine components. Depending on the frequency range, acoustic near-field holography or the beamforming method will be used to localize the sound source for the airborne sound measurements and 3D accelerometers will be used for the structure-borne sound measurements. The experimental investigations will be carried out on the dynamic acoustic engine test bench of the Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications.
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The aim of the research is to create an engine simulation model that is suitable for mapping time-varying engine operating states, analyzing the heat flows in terms of amount and direction within the combustion engine depending on the geometry and cylinder position and deriving strategies for controlling the heat flows as required. A diesel engine will be used as an example to demonstrate the potential for reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, with a particular focus on the starting and warm-up phases and operation on short journeys. The integration of the simulation software into complete vehicle models for the optimization of thermal management is planned. The development of a simplified calibration model will greatly simplify the metrological effort involved in the development of new engines, making it more efficient in terms of cost and time. The expected results will contribute to reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
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The state of the art has very different designs of cylinder crankcases with different fulfillment of acoustic requirements. Vibroacoustic analyses of various cylinder crankcases were carried out as part of the previous projects (structural-acoustic analysis of cylinder crankcases I and II). Building on this, further cylinder blocks are to be measured in this project and added to the benchmarking of the previous projects. On the other hand, an approach is to be developed with the aid of the test setup that enables the coordinates of the excitation pulses to be calculated.
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Building on the preliminary work carried out to date as part of the COMO II project, the engineers at the Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications (EMA) will develop an intake module, an exhaust gas aftertreatment system and an oil pan for a range extender (diesel engine, displacement < 1000 cm³) in this project, which are specially designed for stationary operation at a few operating points. These weight- and consumption-optimized system components lead to a significant increase in the overall efficiency of the vehicle and thus contribute to the further development of electromobility.

The intake module is designed in such a way that it is flow-optimized to ensure the highest possible degree of delivery using the oscillating tube supercharger. It should meet the requirements of modern series production. It is designed in such a way that interfering natural frequencies are damped or shifted.

The exhaust gas aftertreatment system is designed to reduce the engine's pollutant emissions to Euro 6 level. The system is vibroacoustically optimized using numerical flow simulation methods.

The special feature of the oil pan is its design with an aluminum foam structure, which serves as thermal and acoustic insulation, as well as the functional integration of the oil filter and an oil-water heat exchanger. The heat stored in the oil is to be utilized by the heat exchanger. This component is also being developed with a view to minimizing noise emission.
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As part of the follow-up project COMO II, a series diesel engine (downsizing concept, displacement < 1000 cm³) is to be adapted and optimized for use as a range extender in an electric vehicle at the Institute of Mobile Systems, Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications. In a first step, the motor unit is installed on the test bench and the measurement and control technology is integrated. The aim of this first work package is to create a consumption and emissions map.

In order to reduce the weight of the engine, the turbocharged diesel unit is to be optimized for naturally aspirated operation. In a second work package, the combustion process is adapted to the suction conditions. The aim here is to achieve the EURO6 standard at one or a few selected and optimized operating points with constant or reduced fuel consumption.

In 2012, the engine unit was procured and integrated and adapted into an existing IMS test bench environment. Due to the construction of the single-cylinder unit in COMO I, there is great potential for experience that could be used for this project. In addition to indexing the cylinder pressure, exhaust backpressure and boost pressure signals, fuel consumption and exhaust gas analysis measuring devices for detecting the legally limited emissions (particle count, soot, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) were successfully installed on the test bench. In the first step, the engine is controlled via a series control unit. In order to optimize the selected operating points and ranges, an application control unit will be used in the further course of the project. An initial goal in 2012 is to record a consumption and emissions map of the series production engine. This will make it possible to derive consumption- and emission-optimized operating points and ranges for the later range extender operation of the engine in order to be able to develop a charging strategy for different driving scenarios.
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There are plans to make purely battery-powered vehicles suitable for reasonable ranges by adding an additional drive. This is referred to as a "range extender" (RE). This project makes an interdisciplinary scientific contribution to the further development of numerical and experimental methods of vibroacoustics for reducing vibration and noise in electric vehicles with a range extender (diesel engine). 

Initial model-based concept studies for noise reduction on the RE are being carried out, with a focus on the development of suitable shells for encapsulating the RE. Building on this, passive full and partial encapsulations are to be investigated and the potential of the acoustic influence of large radiating surfaces is to be determined. One focus is on optimizing the geometry and material properties of capsules to achieve the maximum possible reduction in sound pressure. The temperature field is integrated into the modeling in order to be able to take into account the temperature development from the combustion process. Experimental investigations are carried out on an acoustic engine test bench to develop and validate the models. Finally, the developed thermoacoustic engine capsule will be tested on an assembled diesel engine. This will allow conclusions to be drawn about the potential of the encapsulation to influence noise.
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The aim of this project is an overall vibroacoustic analysis of a diesel engine, taking into account combustion variables and the engine structure. To record the combustion excitation, the cylinder pressure is measured for each cylinder. Suitable measurement positions on the engine structure must be selected to investigate and analyze the correlation with the external and internal structure-borne sound conduction path.

The (objectively) measurable parameters for assessing engine acoustic behavior are sound pressure or acceleration and the (subjective) perceptibility is loudness. The investigations into the correlation with combustion are carried out with the aid of signal theory approaches.
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The Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications (EMA) at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg is reviving an almost forgotten regenerative energy concept for a sustainable and ecological energy supply: the gasification of wood. For such an energy concept, a gas engine is being investigated that defies the qualitatively inferior fuel properties and thus enables lucrative operation for wood gas CHP applications. The gas engine is adapted to the given boundary conditions by simulating the gasification mechanisms, the charge change and the combustion process using simulation tools. This procedure enables design improvement measures to be derived in order to operate the engine close to its efficiency and emission optimum in its early development phase.
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The state of the art has very different designs of cylinder crankcases with different fulfillment of acoustic requirements. As part of the previous project ("Structural-acoustic analysis of cylinder crankcases"), vibroacoustic analyses of various cylinder crankcases were carried out. Building on this, further cylinder crankcases are to be measured in this project and added to the benchmarking of the previous project. In addition, add-on parts such as the oil pan and cylinder head are to be included in the analysis.

As a result, the different structural features are to be documented, the structure-borne noise transmission behavior of the different cylinder crankcases evaluated and the correlation between structure-borne and airborne noise investigated using correction factors. The correction factors must take into account the material, the surface area and the number of cylinders.
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The use of natural gas as a fuel is currently an attractive alternative. The carbon-to-hydrogen ratio of natural gas is 4:1, whereas for petrol it is 2.3:1. As a result, chemical reactions produce less carbon dioxide and more water. Without further optimization of a petrol engine, approx. 25 % less pollutant emissions are possible with natural gas. Currently, all series-produced cars are equipped with intake manifold injection systems. The intake manifold injection causes disadvantages in the filling of the cylinders compared to direct-injection petrol/gasoline engines, which leads to a loss of performance in natural gas operation, for example in the low-end torque range. These and other negative effects can be compensated for or avoided by using direct-injection natural gas injectors. However, the direct injection of natural gas is still at the prototype stage, so there is still a need for research in this area. The main focus here is on pressure supply, injectors, combustion process development and exhaust gas aftertreatment, for which research work was carried out at the Institute for Mobile Energy Conversion Systems.
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A single-cylinder 4-valve cylinder head was measured on the JAROS flow test bench "Anemometric Tester 24 TV" at the Institute of Mobile Systems, Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg. On the one hand, the cylinder head was examined with regard to the flow rates aK and aJ (according to Jaros) on the intake and exhaust side, both forwards and backwards. The flow measurements were carried out for valve strokes hv = 1 to 10 mm with an increment of 0.5 mm. Furthermore, the internal cylinder flow (charge movement) of the cylinder head was measured in 16 planes from 10 to 40 mm at three different valve strokes of hv = 2; 5 and 9 mm. The swirl and tumble figures were determined for the individual planes and the flow fields recorded. The flow fields are used to compare and validate the results obtained using CFD simulation. To visualize the measurement results, the result vectors were transferred to an unstructured grid and then displayed in 3D in the form of streamlines, isosurfaces and vector representations.
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The state of the art features very different designs of cylinder crankcases with varying degrees of compliance with acoustic requirements. Due to the clear trend towards lightweight construction, the use of aluminum materials in cylinder crankcases is already widespread. As part of the project, an analysis of a cylinder crankcase made of cast aluminum is to be carried out first. In the further course, comparative studies of other cylinder crankcases with different materials and cylinder numbers will be carried out.

As a result, the different structural characteristics must be analyzed, the structure-borne sound transmission behavior of the different cylinder blocks evaluated, the correlation between structure-borne and airborne sound in the near and far field investigated and recommendations for the definition of suitable target values for the design of acoustically optimal cylinder blocks developed.
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As part of previous projects ("Fuselage Engine Acoustics I and II"), initial findings were obtained numerically and experimentally for the further development of a diesel engine. For this purpose, a 3D FE model of the gear drive was set up with regard to the simulation and parameter combinations were investigated. The model was validated by experimental investigations on a dynamic acoustic engine test bench. Building on this, certain components of the diesel engine are to be investigated vibroacoustically in this project.

The aim of this project is to investigate the influence of the engine components torsional vibration damper, oil pump module and water pump on the vibroacoustic engine behavior. This allows noise reduction measures to be derived and implemented.
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The aim of the project is to carry out further experimental and theoretical studies to investigate the acoustic excitations of a diesel engine caused by the gear train and balance shafts. Based on the results of the previous project "Fuselage Engine Acoustics", this project aims to develop an extended and improved calculation model compared to the initial state, which makes it possible to include further, previously unrecorded parameters of the gear drive and the influence of important auxiliary units in the calculation in order to be able to calculate new findings regarding the impact processes and the resulting acoustic excitations realistically. The extended model is used to investigate the influence of different system parameters and to identify possible potential for improvement. Experimental investigations are carried out on an engine test bench to develop and validate the model.
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